专业英语四级考试 写作 讲义
主讲：
王江涛
欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材
第一节 一、课程安排：
（一）专四写作总论：
1、复习计划
2、学习方法
3、大纲解读
（二）段落写作：
1、框架结构
2、启承转合 （三）评卷实例：
（四）词汇写作：
1、四大要素
2、经典范文
（五）句子写作：
1、句子写法
2、亮点设置
（六）便条：
1、评卷实例：
2、十大便条
3、英语全攻略
写作：45 分钟，25% 1）作文：10：00-10：35 2）便条：10：35-10：45
二、复习计划：
1. 攻克词汇：
1）词汇书：俞敏洪《专四词汇词根+联想记忆法》（群言出版社）
2）软件：
《新东方背单词》（5）
3）记忆法：杨鹏《17 天搞定 GRE 词汇》（群言出版社）
2、精研真题：98 年至今历年真题 1）词汇：没有一个词汇不认识 2）选项：没有一个选项不了解 3）句子结构：没有一个句子结构不清楚 3. 适当模考：4 月，考前务必模考 3 次
三、学习方法：
（一）提高实力：
1. 背诵：20 大必背范文，滚瓜烂熟！脱口而出！多多益善！
20 大必背范文：
大作文：
1）2000 真题（课外活动）
Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: College life should be varied and colorful. And extracurricular activities are an important aspect of it. However, at present, there is much room for improvement in this regard. Write an article to the university radio entitled：
The Importance of Extracurricular Activities You are to write three parts.
In the first part of your article, you should clearly present your view, and in the second part you should support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
The Importance of Extracurricular Activities In recent years, there has been a big growth in the area of extracurricular activities. They are so popular on campus that they have become an indispensable part of college education. Extracurricular activities contribute both to students’ physical well-being and to their mental fitness. There is a new appreciation of the significance of after-class activities as students’ bodies are increasingly weak and vulnerable to disease because of inactivity. School authorities, as well as students themselves, have realized that sports are especially necessary to a person who works with his brain most of the day. Besides, extracurricular activities offer a healthy form of escape from their monotonous routine studies. Taking part in swimming, jogging and ball games can make their academic life richer and fuller. And most importantly, after-class activities help to promote the development of a student’s personality. Such traits of character as competitiveness, self-discipline, teamwork and endurance ——the things much needed in their later career and life ——are encouraged and cultivated in sports. Extracurricular activities play a vital role in a student’s life, and it deserves further
attention from colleges and universities.
2）2003（心态）
People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family. So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances. Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood You are to write three parts.
In the first part, state specifically what your view is. In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization and appropriacy. Failure to follow these instructions may result in a loss of marks.
The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood Modern people are supposed to endure a lot of pressure, from education, career or family. However, not all people can manage to tide them over. There are often reports of someone going insane or someone committing suicide. Those unfortunate people are not intelligently poor. Yet they were doomed only because they suffered troubled minds or mixed feelings. Based on their experiences, I would argue that keeping a good mood is all too important. Living in a good mood under whatever circumstances is important in at least two ways. For one thing, it can help one foster friendly interpersonal relationship. Instead of treating colleagues or classmates as rivals or opponents, one will try to cooperate with them and benefit from them. One will work harder to keep paces with others or surpass them rather than complaining or getting consumed by jealousy all the time. For another, a good mood can help one put disappointments and frustrations in the right perspective. Thinking that failure is the mother of success, one can well survive the temporary blows and look forward to the bright future. Both friendship and optimism derived from keeping a good mood or mentality are effective outlets for pressures whatsoever. Thus, we need not only to build a strong body but also keep a good mood in order to face the pressures or challenges of modern society. While most people are aware of the importance of the former, quite a proportion of people fail to recognize the significance of the latter.
3）2008（志愿者活动）
December 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world have volunteered to help those in needs.
China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering? Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following
topic: The Benefits for Volunteering You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
The Benefits for Volunteering College is a place to raise all-round intellectuals, which means that life on campus should consist of diverse activities rather than mere academic studies; and that’s why volunteering enjoys a striking popularity. There are at least three benefits for volunteering. To begin with, participating in volunteer work could boost students’ development of interpersonal relationship. The awareness of cooperation, dependability, responsibility and punctuality are cultivated and fostered as each volunteer interacts with other members of their group. In addition, volunteering will enable students to develop a balance between academic accomplishments and social development. This necessary balance will greatly aid each student to more successfully encounter the challenges of our contemporary society. Last but not least, participation in volunteer work can provide students with real-life experience in problem-solving and decision-making, through which some specific knowledge or skills are acquired. A case in point is that the development of leadership skills occurs as students assume ownership for the success of their organization. Such experience will help them learn more about themselves and point the way to their future career.
Generally speaking, volunteering is vital in that it could help students fit them in with other students, teach them to manage their time and know their limits, as well as explore their unique interests and talents.
4）2009（旅游与环境）
Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don’t think so. What is your opinion?
Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.
In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Tourism Does Bring Harm to the Environment
Tourism, as a multibillion-dollar business, is booming everywhere. Some people, laboring under the belief that tourism serves as an engine of economic growth, seem to ignore its negative effects on the environment. Nevertheless, it is my view that these are not concerns that we can shrug off lightly. Over the past century, with the development of new means of transportation, travel has become easier than ever. First and foremost, it has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used. Furthermore, a lot of unsightly artificial facilities have been and continue to be built for the purpose of promoting tourism, with disastrous effects on the environment. The last but not the least, a good many popular places are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash. Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy in places which offer few sources of income. The significant point is that the unchecked growth of the travel business may render the development of an economy unsustainable. It is high time that we did something to rectify this by taking the environmental protection into consideration. (214 words)
5）2010（自立）
It was recently reported in a newspaper that six students who shared a dorm at a local university hired a cleaner to do laundry and cleaning once a week. And each of them paid her 60 yuan a month. This has led to a heated debate as to whether college students should hire cleaners.
Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Should College Students Hire Cleaners?
You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state clearly what your view is. In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
College Students Shouldn’t Hire Cleaners While some college students attempt to lead a life of complete self-dependence, others prefer to rely on the assistance of friends, parents or even cleaners whenever and wherever possible. This raises the question: should college students hire cleaners to do laundry and cleaning for them? In my opinion, they should not do so.
One reason that independence is a valuable attribute is that it can improve our efficiency and productivity. In our everyday life, there will always be occasions when we are unable to obtain outside assistance and have to depend on our own knowledge and problem-solving skills. Under these circumstances, those who trust their own powers and judgment will find a creative solution to the problem at hand, enabling them to be more productive and successful. In addition to fostering greater efficiency in our daily life, self-dependence can also help to make life more meaningful. Since self-reliant individuals possess confidence in
their own abilities, they also tend to be more willing to try new things on their own. These kinds of do-it-yourself activities can yield a sense of satisfaction and pride, and add excitement to an otherwise mundane life.
In the final analysis, I maintain that college students shouldn’t hire cleaners. Insofar as self-reliance can boost our efficiency and add meanings to our lives, it is a desirable trait to possess. (222 words)
6）模拟题：网络
In recent years, people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet. Actually, on-line visiting has become a routine activity in our everyday life. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Internet: a Blessing or a Curse? You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Internet: a Blessing or a Curse? Nowadays, discussion on the duality of Internet has become very popular in newspapers or in people’s chats. On the one hand, no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life. People from all walks of life are benefiting considerably from its powerful function of information communication. But on the other hand, a great many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle. Such a waste of time inevitably leads to their failure in their life and work.
In my view, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence. For one thing, college students in expanding numbers get on line every day to learn the news, to study English by registering for web courses, to exchange information through e-mails with their net friends and to download their favorite music, flash, film and pictures. Being veteran on-line shoppers, they frequently purchase books, CDs at much lower prices. For another, once indulged in the fictitious world, people can barely concentrate on real life. Consequently, many students just chat on line or play computer games immoderately every day, skipping many essential classes.
After all, Internet is invented to enrich our life, to connect you and me, and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain.
7）模拟题：全球变暖 Some people say that global warming is a real threat to our world while others say that global warming is a myth. What is your opinion?
Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
Is Global Warming a Real Threat?
You are to write in three parts.
In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.
In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.
In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Global Warming is Looming Threat A 250 million-year-old catastrophe wiped out 90% of ocean species and 70 percent of land species in the biggest mass extinction in Earth’s geological history. Scientists call it “the Great Dying”. And global warming is said to have been the chief culprit. This casts doubt on the idea that global warming is a future fear or myth. In my opinion, global warming is a looming threat to people all over the world.
First, global warming leads to the rise of sea levels. Large sections Chinese coastal regions would gradually disappear under rising sea levels because of global warming, severely impairing the country’s social and economic progress. China’s long coastline is the base for about 70% of the large cities, over half of the domestic population and nearly 60% of the national economy. With comparatively-advanced social, economic and cultural developments, China’s off-shore regions will suffer great losses if the sea level does not cease rising. Second, global warming increases the possibility and intensity of extreme weather such as hurricanes and snowstorms. Hurricanes and typhoons have become stronger and longer-lasting over the past 30 years. These upswings correlate with a rise in sea surface temperatures due to global warming. Considering the devastating effects of global warming, we can draw the conclusion that global warming is a great threat to our world. Facing the growing menace of global warming, more scientific and active preventive measures should be taken on a larger scale to change for the better.
8）模拟题：读研 Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Why I Choose to Read for a Master’s Degree? You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Why I Choose to Read for a Master’s Degree? Shall I continue to read for a Master’s degree after college graduation? ——a question I have put to myself many times in the last academic year. Nevertheless, the answer is always
the same: postgraduate education is something I truly want to do in my life and it is worthwhile. There are a great many reasons for my decision to read for postgraduate programs. The primary one is that I enjoy learning and acquiring knowledge. I remember that as I became a college student, my burning desire for further studies felt increasingly strong. The decision was naturally made when I realized I would not be content to simply end my educational career with college level and enter the working world so soon. I decided to stay on the academic assembly line also because of the value of the second degree. In today’s world, where college population grows rapidly, a Master’s degree becomes essential if I wish to compete for a rewarding job. It ensures me a secure future in a society in which college graduates in expanding numbers failed to be employed. For these reasons, I won’t mind spending another three years in the ivory tower, I won’t mind giving up opportunities to make money, I won’t mind sacrificing many beautiful things in this period of my life.
9）模拟题：电子游戏
Continuous reports about the tragedies caused by children’s being indulged in computer games have aroused the whole society’s concern for this problem. Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Being Indulged in Computer Games is Harmful You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Being Indulged in Computer Games is Harmful An outstanding student flunked because he could not concentrate on the study for being too indulged in computer games. He spent nearly all the money on games, which was earned by his father’s selling blood. When his aged father knelt down to beg him to return to school, he was too numb to show any regret. When computer’s entertaining function is highly spoken of, such a problem does deserve our serious concern. First and foremost, the most serious harm of computer games come from their contents, which affect children’s mental fitness. The majority of games involve violence, such as fighting and killing. To win or kill their opponents, children are permitted to use all various means like guns, knives and bombs. When they are enjoying the pleasure of success, a violent turn of mind is developed and rooted in them, which may induce future violent behavior in their real life. What is more, being indulged in computer games also does harm to children’s physical health. The radiation from the computer can arouse many uncomfortable feeling, like a headache, poor eyesight and even losing hair. Being lack of sleep and dinner, children are more inclined to get irritable and suffer from severe malnutrition. Of course, it is not the end of the story. Being indulged in computer games also affects
children’s study, and their communication with others. All these facts indicate that it is time for us to manage computer games by the whole society.
10）模拟题：金钱与成功 Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Money and Success You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Money and Success Nowadays, there is a natural tendency to equate money with a certain amount of happiness, and happiness with a certain amount of success. Nevertheless, I have to say that I don’t think only people who earn a lot of money are successful. Take for example, the ordinary people who sacrificed their lives to make their countries better. Martin Luther King didn’t earn a lot of money, but no one would doubt that he was the most successful person in the history of civil rights. Mother Teresa lived a very simple life dedicated to helping the children in India, yet she was remembered as one of the most successful humanitarians of our time. I know many people who gave up their high-paid jobs to travel the world, to raise a family or to simply pursue a more interesting job. They are much happier now and would probably tell you that their greatest achievement in life was finally accepting the fact that money can’t buy happiness. It is universally acknowledged that a person is successful if he or she has accomplished any goal that makes him happy. In my view, earning a lot of money is just one of many ways of being successful and it might not be the best. Whether your goal is wealth, personal fulfillment, or raising a family, if you accomplish it, you should consider yourself successful.
便条：
1）1997（道歉）
Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following given situation:
You are Peter/Mary. You had a party at your home recently, but you unintentionally neglected to invite a close friend of yours——Victoria. Write her a note apologizing for this and explaining how the mistake came about. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.
1 June, 1997 Dear Victoria, I’m writing this note of apology to tell you what a silly mistake I made. I had a birthday
party at my place last night. I had planned to invite several close friends of mine to the party. Surely, you were, and will always be on the list of my close friends, but by sheer negligence, I failed to send you the invitation. What an inexcusable mistake! I do hope you can forgive me for my disastrous carelessness.
Sincerely yours,
Peter
2）2006（询问）
Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You have got to know that your classmate, Michael, is organizing a weekend excursion for the class. And you are thinking of joining the trip: Write him a note expressing your interest in the excursion and asking for the information on two details related to the excursion.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
2 September, 2006 Dear Michael, I’m excited to learn that you are going to organize a weekend excursion for the class. Excursion has always been my favorite diversion, and I’m going to join the trip with you. Would you kindly tell me the route we are going to take and its destination? How long are we going to travel? And are we going to take our lunch? I’m waiting for your advanced information. Thank you for your spontaneity in organizing such an expecting activity.
Yours,
Walt
3）2007（拒绝）
Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your classmate, Jimmy, is head of the university’s swimming club. He has invited you to join the club, but you like some other sport. Write him a note, declining his invitation and explaining why. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
April 22nd, 2007 Dear Jimmy It’s very kind of you to invite me to join the university’s swimming club. I am most grateful to be asked. However, I’ve already joined a basketball club. You know I like playing basketball very much. I’m afraid I do not have enough time to take part in two sports. I am very sorry for that and really regret that I would miss such an excellent chance of enjoying swimming with you. Good luck to your club.
Yours,
Mike
4）2008（推荐）
Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Jane, your classmate, is thinking of subscribing to an English-language newspaper. And you would like to recommend one to her. Write a note, telling her which newspaper it is and describing two features of the paper. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
April 20 th , 2008 Dear Jane, Have you decided which newspaper to subscribe yet? I strongly recommend the 21th Century to you, which is a very popular English-language newspaper among us students. It is well organized for the convenience of its readers. What’s more, the content of the newspaper is exceedingly abundant, ranging from news items to short stories. It is really the best choice and I hope you will like it.
Yours sincerely,
Amanda
5）2010（建议）
Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your good friend, John, is thinking of organizing an end-of-the-term party. Write him a note telling him that you like his idea and offer to help him. You have to be specific about how you can help him.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
17 April, 2010 Dear John, As a close friend of you, I really love your idea of organizing an end-of-the-semester party. What a great idea! It’s my pleasure to give a helping hand if necessary. Firstly, I would very much like to attend the celebration and share our joy. Secondly, I wish to hold a small musical soiree, at which a band of mine will perform some works by Bach and Strauss. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Michael
6）模拟题：邀请 Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
You are one of the organizers of a seminar on British literature to be held in your college. Write a note to Professor Shakespeare, an expert in this field, inviting him to the seminar and telling him the exact time and place. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
17 April, 2010 Dear Professor Shakespeare, There will be a seminar in the auditorium tomorrow morning at 9:00 a.m. on British literature. Would you like to participate in it? We do hope you will come and share your ideas with us. Please let me know in advance if you could come to the seminar. My mobile phone number is 13988886666. Words fail me when I would like to express my sincere appreciation to you.
Yours sincerely,
Mike
7）模拟题：感谢 Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
When you visit Qingdao, where your net friend, Kate, live, you were taken good care of. Write her a note to show your thanks to her.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
17 April, 2010 Dear Kate, It is a great pleasure to extend my heartfelt gratitude to you for your considerate and warm welcome when I was in Qingdao during May Day Holiday. What a good time I had there! My heartfelt thanks to you are beyond words and I do wish I would have the chance to pay you back for all your kindness and hospitality. With best regards!
Truly yours,
Mike
8）模拟题：祝贺 Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
Your friend, Helen, has been elected the chairman of the Students’ Union. Write her a letter to congratulate her.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
17 April, 2010 Dear Helen, Can you imagine what a delight I take in your being elected as the president of the Students’ Union?! I wish to express my most ardent and earnest congratulations through this
note. Your diligence, intelligence and devotion have at last yielded sweet fruit. I’m not only happy but also proud of you from the bottom of my heart. Wish you greater success in the future.
Sincerely yours,
Mike
9）模拟题：慰问 Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
You have just heard that your close friend, Peter, recently broke off with his girl friend, and he is now very depressed. Write him a note, expressing your concern and giving your best wishes.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
17 April, 2010 Dear Peter, Yesterday I heard that you had already broken off with your girl friend. I was really sad to hear the story. I know you loved her so much and you are still feeling distressed. I’m writing to tell you not to be unduly sad about it. Forget it! And I’m sure you will soon meet your true love. All the best luck of you!
Yours sincerely,
Mike
10）模拟题：请假 Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
You have been ill for several days and your sick leave is to be expired by tomorrow. Your doctor advises that you should stay in bed for three more days. Write to your teacher Professor Wang to ask for an extension of sick leave.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
17 April, 2010 Dear Professor Wang, I am still having severe stomachache and can’t get to my feet. This morning my doctor suggested that I should have a rest of three more days. Hereby I enclose the doctor’s certificate and ask you for an extension of sick leave for three more days beginning from today. My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.
Yours truly,
Mike
2. 默写：仔细对比原文，发现写作弱点
3. 仿写：提高写作实力
（二）掌握技巧：万能框架
四、大纲解读：两大黄金原则 （一）内容第一位、语言第二位、结构第三位：
1、内容：
1）论点：
2）论据：
3）论证：
2、语言：
1）基本正确：及格分
2）丰富多变（词汇+句型—）：高分，以 2010 为例：自立 self-dependence self-reliance/independence be self-dependent be self-reliant be independent depend on oneself rely on oneself
3、结构：
1）段落结构：总分总
（1）主题句：1 句，改写提纲
（2）论证：1-4 句
（3）（小结：1 句）
2）评分标准：
（1）关联词：便条 1-3 个，作文 5-7 个，适可而止
（2）同义替换：词汇+句型
（3）代词替换：it, that, they（物称代词）
（二）印象原则：书写工整！卷面整洁！字迹清晰！
三眼判卷：
1）
结构：
（1）
分段：
（2）
字数：
2）
内容：每段第一句最好写主题句（改写提纲）
3）
语言：扫描+查...